By Suhani Bansal & Shivansh Shashwat (IInd Year Student, National Law Institute University, Bhopal) Introduction The Fédération Aéronautique Internationale defines outer space using the Kármán line which is located at an altitude of roughly 100 km above the mean sea level. The area of ‘outer space’ and related activities has witnessed two major developments, contemporarily, that is, the influx of private players in space expeditions and the diversification of how outer space is utilised....

By Kashvi Shrey (Chanakya National Law University, Patna) Introduction On September 19, 2025, a ransomware attack on Collins Aerospace disabled baggage and check-in systems at three European airports: Heathrow, Brussels-Zaventem, and Berlin-Brandenburg. Flights continued to operate, but passengers faced 12-hour delays as ground operations collapsed. A few weeks later, Aeroflot suffered a sophisticated cyberattack that cancelled more than 60 flights and exposed 22 terabytes of passenger data....

By Shreyasree Paul (Presidency School of Law, Presidency University, Bengaluru) Our Moon is no longer just a symbol of human exploration but rather a rapid evolving site for extraction, infrastructure, and commerce which shapes global space governance. The methods used to govern the activities of humankind in outer space are being transformed dramatically. The lengthy negotiations of treaties among a large number of countries such as the Outer Space Treaty, 1967, are being replaced by the...